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Fixed confusing sentences and missing/incorrect words. (#42)
* Reworded things to make them hopefully be clearer * Added some commas * Added a missing word * As well as be a? * Somewhat better? Maybe? * I didn't like that word. * Added another missing word. * Made edit request instructions clearer. * Fixed a few words and fixed the intro text (thanks Kaisaan) * Its, not it's. * Update homebrew.md * Added Kaisaan's suggestion. * Added a missing and. * Made stuff better. Thanks again Kaisaan! * hiyaCFW proper noun fix * retail-roms: fix grammar * Update retail-roms.md * That be did make sense after all. Co-authored-by: lifehackerhansol <lifehacker@hansol.ca>
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ description: Information about the Nintendo DSi and the Nintendo 3DS's TWL_FIRM
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---
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### Setting up CFW
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While most of the benefits of Custom Firmware are for the Nintendo DSi and the Nintendo 3DS families of systems, it allows you to unlock your consoles possibilities. Installing Custom Firmware is quite easy, and in most cases, all you need is a (micro)SD card. Here are the best of guides for you to follow, with step-by-step instructions:
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The main benefit of modding your DSi and 3DS families of systems is that you can unlock more possibilities with your consoles. Installing Custom Firmware is quite easy, and in most cases, all you need is a (micro)SD card. Here are the best of guides for you to follow, with step-by-step instructions:
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- [3DS Hacking Guide](https://3ds.hacks.guide)
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- Lightning command: `mod 3ds`
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ While most of the benefits of Custom Firmware are for the Nintendo DSi and the N
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- Kurisu command: `guide dsi`
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### CPU speeds
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The Nintendo DS shipped with a 67 MHz processor in 2004, and the Nintendo DSi shipped with an 133 MHz processor five years later. Most games of the Nintendo DS library were made before the Nintendo DSi came out, and as such the only processor available to them was 67 MHz. Some applications tied themselves to that clock speed and as a result, will not work well with a higher clock speed. Most games, however, outperform the original with a higher clock speed.
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The Nintendo DS shipped with a 67 MHz processor in 2004, and the Nintendo DSi shipped with a 133 MHz processor five years later. Most games of the Nintendo DS library were made before the Nintendo DSi came out, and as such the only processor available to them was 67 MHz. Some applications tied themselves to that clock speed and as a result, they will not work well with a higher clock speed. Most games, however, outperform the original with a higher clock speed.
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nds-bootstrap has TWL Clock Speed as an option, but it will not try to adjust the ROM to work properly with the higher clock speed. That's on the application itself, and applications not working with a higher clock speed is NOT a bug on the nds-bootstrap end.
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@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ In version 1.4.0, RSA signatures in the DS Game Card whitelist aren't verified.
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There is also a known glitch in the way the Nintendo DSi Menu calculates free space that can can cause an error when using the menu not from the original NAND, for more information see [hiyaCFW FAQ & Troubleshooting](../hiyacfw/faq#the-free-space-bug).
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### Nintendo DSi Slot-1 access & blockout
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Slot-1 access is blocked when launching applications from the system menu, except if said applications is either the Slot-1 launcher itself or System Settings. In order to launch normally unlaunchable Slot-1 cartridges, you'll need to either make a System Settings exploit or install Unlaunch. Without either of those, you cannot launch unlaunchable flashcards and you cannot dump ROMs to your SD card.
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Slot-1 access is blocked when launching applications from the system menu, except if said applications are either the Slot-1 launcher itself or System Settings. In order to launch normally unlaunchable Slot-1 cartridges, you'll need to either make a System Settings exploit or install Unlaunch. Without either of those, you cannot launch unlaunchable flashcards and you cannot dump ROMs to your SD card.
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Before 1.4.0, the whitelist contained only two sections. In 1.4.0, they introduced a third section, which was made to block flashcards that got around the first two. The third section loads up to eight different sections of the ROM and checks them with a hash to see if the ROM has been tampered with. However, due to lacking any sanity check, this can be overflowed into the exception vector/interrupt address using a large enough value. Best of all, this runs on ARM7 (the security processor) so this makes it the first exploit for the ARM7 processor. Since this happens before the lock out of the SCFG registers, advanced homebrew (such as Slot-1 dumpers) can be run.
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Unfortunately, the requirements are tight. It requires version 1.4.0 and a flashcard with a modified ROM. The exploit never officially came out, due to Unlaunch being much simpler to install and having fewer requirements (just a way to get into homebrew) with the same advantages.
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### Nintendo DSi Camera
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The Nintendo DSi Camera application has the ability to take pictures in the JPEG and save them to either the System Memory or the SD card. The way it's loaded restricts it to only DSi made images, due to lacking the proper HMAC stored inside a custom EXIF tag. Any custom images are not readable on the DSi, whether it's PC taken or PC edited, unless properly saved.
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The Nintendo DSi Camera application has the ability to take pictures in the JPEG format and save them to either the System Memory or the SD card. The way it's loaded restricts it to only DSi made images, due to lacking the proper HMAC stored inside a custom EXIF tag. Any custom images are not readable on the DSi, whether they're PC taken or PC edited, unless properly saved.
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A `pit.bin` file is used in order to load images. However, the header size at offset 0x16 is unchecked, so a big enough header size value can exceed boundaries and cause the buffer to overwrite and jump to unsigned code. This is how Memory Pit is powered.
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ tabs:
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tab-flashcard: Flashcard
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---
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Forwarders are icons on your HOME menu or hiyaCFW DSi Menu that redirect to another software that runs the icon as listed. In this case, one can add DS games from the SD card (utilizing nds-bootstrap) or from a compatible flashcard (via its respective kernel) to the HOME menu or hiyaCFW for easier access to games.
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Forwarders are shortcuts for games that you can install to your home menu or hiyaCFW menu. You can load DS games from the SD card (using nds-bootstrap) or from a compatible flashcard (via its respective kernel) using forwarders installed to your menu of choice. <!--- I feel like this still needs a bit of work. Still better than what was there before. -->
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DS games need to be dumped to a digital `.nds` format. You can dump your DS cartridges using [GodMode9](https://3ds.hacks.guide/dumping-titles-and-game-cartridges#dumping-a-game-cartridge) on 3DS, or [GodMode9i](https://dsi.cfw.guide/dumping-game-cards) on DSi.
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{:.alert .alert-info}
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Developing Nintendo DS homebrew typically uses devkitPro tools, such as devkitAR
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To get started, [this GBAtemp thread](https://gbatemp.net/threads/useful-resources-to-help-you-out-with-starting-to-make-nds-homebrew.580507/#post-9322674) has a lot of good resources for begginers. For more technical information on the DS(i), see [GBATEK](https://problemkaputt.de/gbatek-contents.htm).
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### Flashcards
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DS mode flashcards are a Slot-1 method of running Nintendo DS applications. Flashcards have the advantages of keeping console files and portable files separate, the ability to be used without modding your system and are usable on DS Phat/Lite consoles. However, unlike modding the actual console, there are multiple flashcards on the market, each with different kernel requirements. The kernel you use is the most important.
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DS mode flashcards are a Slot-1 method of running Nintendo DS applications. Flashcards have the advantages of keeping console files and portable files separate, have the ability to be used without modding your system, and are usable on DS Phat/Lite consoles. However, unlike modding the actual console, there are multiple flashcards on the market, each with different kernel requirements. The kernel you use is the most important.
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### DLDI
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Different SD card slots have different hardware (most of the time) and code written for one card won't necessarily work for another card. DLDI (short for Dynamically Linked Device Interface) attempts to solve this by having the SD card handling code patched in externally. Loaders like YSMenu, Wood R4, and TWiLight Menu++ can automatically DLDI patch a homebrew, but if you need to manually patch it in, you can use a [DLDI Patcher](https://www.chishm.com/DLDI#tools) on a computer.
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@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ title: Nintendo DS Modding Index
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description: An explanation of all things DS modding
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---
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Welcome to the Nintendo DS modding resources section. This will attempt to explain most things related to Nintendo DS modding as well as be a basic introduction to the NTR firmware of the Nintendo DS, the TWL firmware of the Nintendo DSi, and TWL_FIRM of the Nintendo 3DS.
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Welcome to the Nintendo DS modding resources section. This will attempt to explain most things related to Nintendo DS modding, as well as be a basic introduction to the NTR firmware of the Nintendo DS, the TWL firmware of the Nintendo DSi, and TWL_FIRM of the Nintendo 3DS.
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ AP (Anti-Piracy) is a method used by developers to enforce legitimate purchases
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If there isn't an `.ips` file for your ROM or your software doesn't patch your ROM, you can try directly modifying the ROM itself using [DS-Scene ROM Tool](https://gbatemp.net/download/retrogamefan-nds-rom-tool-v1-0_b1215.35735/).
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### Cloneboot
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Cloneboot is when a game sends it's own loaded ARM7 and ARM9 binaries to another console. It is used by DS Download Play for single-card multiplayer. Though, not all games that have single-card multiplayer uses cloneboot.
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Cloneboot is when a game sends its own loaded ARM7 and ARM9 binaries to another console. It is used by DS Download Play for single-card multiplayer. Not all games that have single-card multiplayer use cloneboot, however.
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### Save files
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Nintendo DS cartridges have 4 known save types:
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Nintendo DS cartridges have 4 known save types:
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- FRAM - Ferroelectric Random-Access Memory
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- NAND - NOT-AND
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There are different formats to use depending on the loader, but nds-bootstrap uses the raw `.sav` format. If you have saves in a different format, here is a website you can use to convert it: http://www.shunyweb.info/convert.php.
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There are different formats to use depending on the loader, but nds-bootstrap uses the raw `.sav` format. If you have a save in a different format, here is a website you can use to convert it: http://www.shunyweb.info/convert.php.
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### Assembly
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Assembly language is any low-level programming language with a strong connection between the language's instructions and the processor's instructions. On the DS, assembly code comes in the form of either ARM or THUMB instructions, THUMB instructions being a subset of the ARM instructions. THUMB is useful to save memory bandwidth as it uses 16-bit instructions over the regular 32-bit instructions that ARM uses.
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Assembly language is any low-level programming language with a strong connection
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You can find more information on assembly instructions, as well as a lot more technical information for the DS and DSi, on [GBATEK](https://problemkaputt.de/gbatek.htm).
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### Card read DMA
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DMA (Direct Memory Access) is a more efficient way to read data than using the CPU. When data is being transferred code can still execute, so it is the preferred way of accessing data.
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DMA (Direct Memory Access) is a more efficient way to read data than using the CPU. When data is being transferred, code can still execute, so it is the preferred way of accessing data.
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You can spot a game that uses DMA in no$gba by enabling the DMA log on ARM9. A DMA access to the card uses AF000001 as the third parameter.
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- For example: `DMA2: 04100010 023C18C0 AF000001`
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@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Cheat codes generally have types 0 through F, and here is an (unfinished) descri
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- DeadSkullzJr is working on a more comprehensive list of cheat code descriptions, this section will link to that once it is ready
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### Demonstration and Distribution Titles:
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Demonstration (Demo) titles are different from their retail counterparts in various ways. The obvious indicator being that the title at hand is a demo of what the retail version will be like, essentially it's a sneak peek at what is coming in the future when the full retail release comes. In the case of the Nintendo DS line, these titles often are marked as "Not for Resale" on the title labels, each demo also sports a different title ID compared to their retail counterparts, on the back of the title's cartridge a "Not for Resale" sticker is also present. These titles are usually just kiosk demos in promotional places in stores and what not.
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Demonstration (Demo) titles are different from their retail counterparts in various ways. The obvious indicator being that the title at hand is a demo of what the retail version will be like, essentially it's a sneak peek at what is coming in the future when the full retail release comes. In the case of the Nintendo DS line, these titles often are marked as "Not for Resale" on the title labels, each demo also sports a different title ID compared to their retail counterparts, and on the back of the title's cartridge, a "Not for Resale" sticker is also present. These titles are usually just kiosk demos in promotional places in stores and what not.
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Distribution titles are a slightly different situation in most cases, however demos can also fit the distribution label for a few titles in the library. Most cases distribution titles are just retail versions of the title(s) that are for display only or come from a promotional packaging of some sort. You can see "Not for Resale" labeled on these types of titles like you can with the demonstration titles. These can sometimes also be used in kiosks for the sake of letting other players test out the title. However knowing that these are essentially the same as their retail counterparts in most cases, they tend to have an extra identifier in the title ID on the label.
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The latest hiyaCFW version can create dummy files to work around this, so make s
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The Nintendo DSi Menu has a limit of 39 titles. If you have more than that, delete some from the folders in `sd:/title` or use [TMFH](https://github.com/JeffRuLz/TMFH/releases/latest) to uninstall them.
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##### Too much space used by DSiWare
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There is also a limit of 200 blocks (25MB) for DSiWare in the `00030004` folder. This can be worked around by installing as system apps using [TMFH](https://github.com/JeffRuLz/TMFH/releases/latest).
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There is also a limit of 200 blocks (25MB) for DSiWare in the `00030004` folder. This can be worked around by installing DSiWare as system apps using [TMFH](https://github.com/JeffRuLz/TMFH/releases/latest).
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##### Invalid title
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There are several things you need to take into account when adding titles to hiyaCFW:
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@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ Alongside the safety benefit, it provides the ability to...
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- Safely install apps to the Nintendo DSi Menu with 100% DSiWare compatibility
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- Keep settings separate from the one found in the internal NAND
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However, unless you specifically want to use the official Nintendo DSi Menu it is recommended to simply use [TWiLight Menu++](../twilightmenu/) instead as the official menu has many disadvantages such as being more difficult to install games to and slowing down significantly on large SD cards.
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However, unless you specifically want to use the official Nintendo DSi Menu, it is recommended to simply use [TWiLight Menu++](../twilightmenu/) instead as the official menu has many disadvantages, such as being more difficult to install games to and slowing down significantly on large SD cards.
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@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ Do not system update after installing hiyaCFW. Doing so will remove hiyaCFW's SD
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### Requirements
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- A Nintendo DSi with [Unlaunch installed](https://dsi.cfw.guide/installing-unlaunch)
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- A NAND Backup taken from your device using dumpTool
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- If you don't have one, follow the [Dumping NAND](https://dsi.cfw.guide/dumping-nand) guide on dsi.cfw.guide
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- A NAND Backup taken from your device [using dumpTool](https://dsi.cfw.guide/dumping-nand)
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- A Windows, macOS, or Linux device
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### Part 1: Preparing your PC for installing hiyaCFW
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@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ title: Home
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# Welcome to the DS-Homebrew Wiki!
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This site is where you can find wikis for TWiLight Menu++ and other DS-Homebrew projects. Click on one of the sections at the top, then a list of pages will be on the left.
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This site is where you can find wikis for TWiLight Menu++ and other DS-Homebrew projects. Click one of the sections on the top. Use the table of contents to navigate.
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If you would like to help contribute you can find the source code on [GitHub](https://github.com/{{ site.repo }}) or help translate on [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/ds-homebrew-wiki). To discuss this or get help with anything on it, please join the [DS⁽ⁱ⁾ Mode Hacking](https://ds-homebrew.com/discord) Discord server (English only).
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@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ description: Information on how to use nds-bootstrap
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It also has a sub-project where it can run old homebrew meant for flashcards on a Nintendo DSi/3DS SD card.
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- [Compatibility List](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1LRTkXOUXraTMjg1eedz_f7b5jiuyMv2x6e_jY_nyHSc/edit?usp=sharing)
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- For access to edit, please hit the "Request edit access" button
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- For edit access, press `View only` and then `Request edit access`.
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- [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/nds-bootstrap)
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ title: How to Create DSi/3DS Skins
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description: How to make custom DSi and 3DS skins for TWiLight Menu++
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---
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The easiest way of customizing a theme is by editing the png textures in a theme's `ui`, `battery`, and/or `volume` folders. These files can be any png with one minor caveat in that only pixels that are 100% transparent will be rendered transparently, any other opacity will be drawn as fully opaque. Also, any part that is transparent in one of a set (ex. all the battery icons) should be transparent in all since transparent pixels are simply skipped rather than reverted to the background, so any part that is transparent in only some should have the background texture rather than transparency. These textures are allowed to vary in size, but may require tweaking of the theme configuration to render correctly (see below).
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The easiest way of customizing a theme is by editing the png textures in a theme's `ui`, `battery`, and/or `volume` folders. These files can be any png with one minor caveat in that only pixels that are 100% transparent will be rendered transparently, and any other opacity will be drawn as fully opaque. Also, any part that is transparent in one of a set (ex. all the battery icons) should be transparent in all since transparent pixels are simply skipped rather than reverted to the background, so any part that is transparent in only some should have the background texture rather than transparency. These textures are allowed to vary in size, but may require tweaking of the theme configuration to render correctly (see below).
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Changes to paletted textures are more involved. Within the `grit` and `background_grit` folders of a theme, the various image files may be edited. You will also require [devkitPro's toolchains](https://devkitpro.org) with GRIT installed. Once you have finished editing your files, you must run
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```bash
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@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ description: Guides on how to use and customize TWiLight Menu++
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[TWiLight Menu++](https://github.com/DS-Homebrew/TWiLightMenu) is an open-source menu to launch a variety of different applications, making it perfect for a replacement menu. With themes, skins, folders and other features, this is the all-in-one menu for the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS family of systems.
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[TWiLight Menu++](https://github.com/DS-Homebrew/TWiLightMenu) is an open-source menu that is able to launch a variety of applications. With themes, skins, folders and other features, this is a perfect all-in-one replacement menu for the Nintendo DS and 3DS family of systems.
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For info on how to install, click on the page in the sidebar for your console in the Installing section.
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For info on how to install TWiLight Menu++, click on the "Installing" tab in the sidebar and select the guide for your console.
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